Caption Reads: Birchbark canoes were made and used by many tribes such as; Ojibwa, Dogrib, salish, and Beothuk. They all had different designs for their own canoes but they all used the same overall materials. The paper birch provided the best bark for the skin of the canoe, because it is relatively unblemished and it is resinous and therefore doesn't stretch or shrink. The birchbark can be peeled off into large sheets, and its grain runs around the trunk, thus, making it easier to sew. the white cedar, which splits easily and cleanly, was the top choice for framework. For the same reason, hard maple was used for the paddles. the black spruce was also a large part of the canoe making process, for its roots were used to sew the canoe together, and its resin provided a waterproof seal along all of the seams.